International Classification of Functioning,
Disability, and Health (ICF) Resources

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ICF and Communication Disorders

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2007). Scope of Practice in Speech-Language Pathology . Rockville, MD: Author.

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2004). Preferred Practice Patterns for the Profession of Speech-Language Pathology. Rockville, MD: Author.

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2004). Scope of Practice in Audiology. Rockville, MD: Author.

Boles, L. (2004). The ICF language of numeric adjectives. Advances in Speech-Language Pathology, 6 (1), 71-73.

Bornman, J. (2004). The World Health Organisation's terminology and classification: application to severe disability. Disability and Rehabilitation, 26 (3), 182-188.

Brobeck, T. (2004). Strategies for enhancing the body of evidence in clinical decision making. Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, 14 (1), 11-14.

Brush, J., Threats, T., & Calkins, M. (2003). Influences on perceived function for a nursing home resident. Journal of Communication Disorders, 36, 379-393.

Classifying and Reporting Functional Health Status [PDF] - A report from the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics.

Cruice, M., Worrall, L., Hickson, L., & Murison, R. (2003). Finding a focus for quality of life with aphasia: Social and emotional health and psychological well-being. Aphasiology, 17 (4), 333-353.

Davidson, B, Worrall, L., & Hickson, L. (2003). Identifying the communication activities of older people with aphasia: Evidence from naturalistic observation. Aphasiology, 17 (3), 243-264.

Donaldson, N., Worrall, L., and Hickson, L. (2004) Older People With Hearing Impairment: A literature review of the spouses' perspective. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology, 26 (1), 30-39.

Duchan, J.F. (2004). Where is the person in the ICF? Advances in Speech-Language Pathology, 6 (1), 67-70.

Eadie, T. (2003). A Proposed Framework for Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Individuals Who Use Alaryngeal Speech. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 12 (2), 189-197.

Eadie, T., Yorkston, K., Klasner, E., Dudgeon, B., Deitz, J., Baylor, C., Miller, R., & Antmann, D. (2006). Measuring communication participation: A review of self-report instruments in speech-language pathology. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 15, 307-320.

Feeney, T.J. & Ylvisaker, M. (2003). Context-sensitive behavioral supports for young children with TBI. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 18 (1), 33-51.

Garcia, L.J., Laroche, C., & Barrette, J. (2002). Work integration issues go beyond the nature of the communication disorder. Journal of Communication Disorders, 35, 187-211.

Hammerton, J. (2004). An investigation into the influence of age on recovery from stroke with community rehabilitation. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Sheffield.

Hickson, L., & Worrall, L. (2001). Older people with hearing impairment: Application of the new World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning and Disability. Asia Pacific Journal of Speech Language and Hearing, 6 (2), 129-133.

Hilari, K (2005). Choosing relevant outcomes for aphasia: A commentary on Ross and Wertz, "Advancing appraisal: Aphasia and the WHO." Aphasiology, 19 (9), 870-875.

Hopper, T. (2004, Oct. 19). Long-term Care Residents with Dementia: Assessment and Intervention. The ASHA Leader, 24, 10-11.

Howe, T., Worrall, L., & Hickson, L. (2004) What is an aphasia-friendly environment? A review. Aphasiology, 18 (11), 1015-1037.

Heerkens, Y., van der Brug, Y., Napel, H.T., & van Ravensburg, D. (2003). Past and future use of the ICF (former ICIDH) by nursing and allied health. Disability and Rehabilitation, 25 (11-12), 620-627.

Ikonen, A, Korjus-Julkunen, L. & Aikas, H. (2003). ICF- toimiva tyokalu puheterapian kuvaamissen [ICF-a useful tool to describe speech therapy] Puheterapeutti-lehti, 3, 17-19.

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) template.

Isaki, E. & Turkstra, L. (2002). Communication abilities and work re-entry following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 14 (5), 441-453.

Kagan, A., Simmons-Mackie, N., Rowland, A., Huijbregts, M., Shumway, E., McEwen, S., Threats, T., & Sharp, S. (2008). Counting what counts: A framework for capturing real-life outcomes of aphasia intervention. Aphasiology, 22 (3), 258-280.

Larkins, B., Worrall, L., & Hickson, L. (2004). Stakeholder opinion of functional communication activities following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 18 (7), 691-706.

Larkins, B., Worrall, L., & Hickson, L (2004). Use of multiple methods to determine items relevant for a functional communication assessment. New Zealand journal of speech-language therapy, 59.

Law, I. (2005) Functional communication following laryngectomy. Master of Philosphy thesis. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong.

League of Community-based Speech-Language-Hearing Therapists (2004) Conversation partners for people with aphasia: Let's talk with people with aphasia. Tokyo: Chuohoki Shuppan: Tokyo (In Japanese).

Lubker, B. (1997). Epidemiology: an essential science for speech-language pathology and audiology. Journal of Communication Disorders, 30, 251-267.

Ma, E. (2003). Impairment, activity limitation and participation restriction issues in assessing dysphonia. Doctor of Philosphy thesis. Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong.

Ma, E.P-M. & Yiu, E.M-L. (2001). Voice activity and participation profile: Assessing the impact of voice disorders on daily activities. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44, 511-524.

Madden, R., Choi, C., Sykes, C. (2003). The ICF framework for national data: The introduction of the ICF into Australian data dictionaries. Disability and Rehabilitation, 25 (11-12), 676-682.

Marshall, M. (2004) A study to elicit the core components of stroke rehabilitation and the subsequent development of a taxonomy of the therapy process. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Sheffield University.

McCooey,-O'Halloran R., Worrall, L., Hickson, L. (2004) Evaluating the role of speech-language pathology with patients with communication disability in the acute hospital setting, using the ICF. Journal of Medical Speech Language Pathology. 12 (2), 49-58.

McLeod, S. (Ed.) (2007). The International Guide to Speech Acquisition. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning.

McLeod, S. (2006). The holistic view of a child with unintelligible speech: Insights from the ICF and ICF-CY. Advances in Speech-Language Pathology, 8 (3) .

McLeod, S., & Bleile, K (2004). The ICF: A framework for setting goals for children with speech impairment. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 20, 199-219.

McLeod (2004). Speech pathologists' application of the ICF to children with speech impairment. Advances in Speech-Language Pathology, 6 (1), 75-81.

National Center for Health Statistics' North American Clearinghouse ICF newsletter.

O'Halloran, R., Worrall, L., Code, C., Toffolo, D., & Hickson, L. (2004). The Inpatient Functional Communication Interview. Oxon, UK: Speechmark.

Paul, D., Frattali, C., Holland, A, Thompson, C., Caperton, C., & Slater, S. (2004). Quality of Communication Life Scale. Rockville, MD: ASHA.

Penn, C. (2005). Who's tired of the WHO?: A commentary on Ross and Wertz, "Advancing appraisal: Aphasia and the WHO." Aphasiology, 19 (9), 875-879.

Reed, G., Lux, J., Bufka, L., Trask, C., Peterson, D., Stark, S., Threats, T., T. Jacobson, J., and Hawley, J. (2005). Operationalizing the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in Clinical Settings. Rehabilitation Psychology, 50 (2), 122-131.

Ripich, D., & Horner, J. (2004, April 27). The Neurodegenerative Dementias: Diagnosis and Interventions. The ASHA Leader, pp. 4-5, 14.

Ross, K. & Wertz, R. (2005). Advancing appraisal: Aphasia and the WHO. Aphasiology, 19 (9), 860-870.

Ross, K. & Wertz, R. (2005). Who's for the WHO and who's not. Aphasiology. 19 (9), 893-900.

Sasanuma, S., Itoh, M., Watamori, T., & Monoi, H. (in press). Rehabilitation of People with Aphasia. Tokyo: Igaku Shoin (In Japanese).

Simmons-Mackie, N, Threats, T., & Kagan, A. (2005). Outcome assessment in aphasia: A survey. Journal of Communication Disorders, 38, 1-27.

Simmons-Mackie, N. (2004). Cautiously embracing the ICF. Advances in Speech-Language Pathology, 6 (1), 67-70.

Simmons-Mackie, N. (2004). Using the ICF framework to define outcomes. Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, 14 (1), 9-11.

Smiley, D., Threats, T., Mowry, R., & Peterson, D. (2005). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): Implications for Deafness Rehabilitation Education, 19 (2-3), 139-158.

Sohlberg, M., Avery, J., Kennedy, M. R. T., Coelho, C., Ylvisaker, M., Turkstra, L., & Yorkston, K. (2003). Practice guidelines for direct attention training. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 11(3), xix-xxxix.

Sohlberg, M. M., Kennedy, M. R. T., Avery, J., Coelho, C., Turkstra, L., Ylvisaker, M., & Yorkston, K. (2007). Evidence based practice for the use of external aids as a memory rehabilitation technique. Journal of Medical Speech Pathology, 15 (1).

" The Conceptual Framework of ASHA's New Scope of Practice for Speech-Language Pathology" by Travis Threats, PhD.

Threats, T. (2001). New classification will aid assessment and intervention. The ASHA Leader, 6 (18), pp. 12-13.

Threats, T. (2002). Evidence-Based Practice Research Using a WHO Framework. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology , 10(3), xvii-xxiv.

Threats, T. (2004). The use of ICF in intervention for persons with neurogenic communication disorders. Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, 14 (1), 4-8.

Threats, T. (2003) The framework for ASHA's revised Scope of Practice in Speech-Language Pathology. Speech Pathology Online . Accessed on 6-6-03.

Threats, T. (2004). The use of ICF in intervention for persons with neurogenic communication disorders. Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, 14 (1), 4-8.

Threats, T. (2005) Culturally sensitive care in the health care setting. Perspectives on communication disorders and sciences in culturally and linguistically diverse populations, 12 (3), 3-5.

Threats, T. (2005). Exploring all aspects of the ICF framework with aphasia: A commentary on Ross and Wertz, "Advancing appraisal: Aphasia and the WHO." Aphasiology, 19 (9), 879-885.

Threats, T. (2005). ICF and QOL: a partnership. Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, 15 (4), 4-6.

Threats, T. (2006). Towards an international framework for communication disorders:
Use of the ICF. Journal of Communication Disorders, 39, 251-265.

Threats, T. (2007). Acess for persons with neurogenic communication disorders: Influences of Personal and Environmental Factors of the ICF. Aphasiology, 21 (1), 67-80.

Threats, T. & Worrall, L. (2004). Classifying communication disability using the ICF. Advances in Speech-Language Pathology, 6 (1), 53-62.

Threats, T. & Worrall, L. (2004). ICF is all about the person, and more: A report to Duchan, Simmons-Mackie, Boles, and McLeod. Advances in Speech-Language Pathology, 6 (1), 83-87.

Vickers, C. (2004). Communicating in groups: One stop on the road to improved participation for persons with aphasia. Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, 14 (1), 16-20.

Watamori, T. (in press). Perspectives in neuropsychological rehabilitation. Japanese Journal of Neuropsychology. 21 (1) (In Japanese).

World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Geneva: Author.

Worrall, L. (2001). The social approach: another new fashion in speech-language pathology? Advances in Speech-Language Pathology, 3 (1), 51-54.

Worrall, L. & Cruice, M. (2005). Why the WHO ICF and QOL constructs do not lend themselves to a programmatic appraisal for planning therapy for aphasia: A commentary on Ross and Wertz, "Advancing appraisal: Aphasia and the WHO." Aphasiology, 19 (9), 885-893.

Worrall, L. & Frattali, C. (Eds). (2000). Neurogenic Communication Disorders: A Functional Approach. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers.

Worrall, L., McCooey, R., Davidson, B., Larkins, B., & Hickson, L. (2002). The validity of functional assessments of communication and the Activity/Participation components of the ICIDH-2: Do they reflect what really happens in real-life? Journal of Communication Disorders, 35 (2), 107-137.

Worrall, L. & Hickson, L. (2003). Communication Disability in Aging: From Prevention to Intervention. Delmar Publishers.

Yaruss, J.,& Quesal, R. (2004). Stuttering and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF): An update. Journal of Communication Disorders 37 (1), pp 35-52.

Yiu, E. M-L. & Ma, E. (2002) Voice activity limitation and participation restriction in the teaching profession: The need for preventive voice care. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 10 (1): 51-60.

Ylvisaker, M., Hanks, R., & Johnson-Greene, D. (2002). Perspectives on rehabilitation of individuals with cognitive impairment after brain injury: Rationale for reconsideration of theoretical paradigms. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 17 (3), 191-209.

ICF-Ethics and Rights

Hurst, R. (2003) The International Disability Rights Movement and the ICF. Disability and Rehabilitation, 25 (11-12), 572-576.

Peterson, D. & Threats, T. (2005). Ethical and Clinical Implications of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Rehabilitation Education, 19 (2-3), 129-138.

Threats, T. (2005) Clinical ethics in the ICF: Influences of competency and advocacy. Perspectives in Gerontology, 10 (1), 8-10.

Threats, T. (2005, July 12). Active and Proactive-Boomers and the Health Care System. The ASHA Leader, 6-7, 18.

ICF-Public Health

Brundtland, G. (2002, April) Opening presentation to the WHO Conference on Health and Disability , Trieste, Italy.

Classifying and Reporting Functional Health Status [PDF] - A report from the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics.

Madden, R., Choi, C., Sykes, C. (2003). The ICF framework for national data: The introduction of the ICF into Australian data dictionaries. Disability and Rehabilitation, 25 (11-12), 676-682.

National Center for Health Statistics' North American Clearinghouse ICF newsletter.

Special Editions of Journals Focused on the ICF

• Disability and Rehabilitation (Volume 25, June 2003)
• Disability and Rehabilitation (Volume 27, 2005)
• Health Care Financing Review (Spring 2003, Volume 24, No. 3), available online.
• International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008
• Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, August 2004 Supplement
• Rehabilitation Education, Volume 19, Number 2 and 3, 2005
• Rehabilitation Psychology, Volume 50, Number 2, 2005
• Seminars in Speech and Language, Volume 4, 2007