Vocal Cord Nodules and Polyps
[
en Español]
What are vocal cord nodules and polyps?
Vocal cord nodules are benign (noncancerous) growths on both
vocal cords that are caused by vocal abuse. Over time, repeated
abuse of the vocal cords results in soft, swollen spots on each
vocal cord. These spots develop into harder, callous-like growths
called nodules. The nodules will become larger and stiffer the
longer the vocal abuse continues.
Polyps can take a number of forms. They are sometimes caused
by vocal abuse. Polyps appear on either one or both of the vocal
cords. They appear as a swelling or bump (like a nodule), a
stalk-like growth, or a blister-like lesion. Most polyps are
larger than nodules and may be called by other names, such as
polypoid degeneration or Reinke's edema. The best way to
think about the difference between nodules and polyps is to think
of a nodule as a callous and a polyp as a blister.
What are signs and symptoms of vocal cord nodules or polyps?
Nodules and polyps cause similar symptoms:
- hoarseness
- breathiness
- a "rough" voice
- a "scratchy" voice
- harshness
- shooting pain from ear to ear
- a "lump in the throat" sensation
- neck pain
- decreased pitch range
- voice and body fatigue
How are nodules and polyps diagnosed?
If you have experienced a hoarse voice for more than 2 to 3
weeks, you should see a physician. A thorough voice evaluation
should include:
- a physician's examination, preferably by an
otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor) who specializes
in voice,
- a voice evaluation by a speech-language pathologist (SLP),
and
- possibly a neurological examination.
The team will evaluate vocal quality, pitch, loudness, ability
to sustain voicing, and other voice characteristics. An
instrumental examination may take place that involves inserting
an endoscope into the mouth or nose to look at the vocal cords
and larynx in general. A stroboscope (flashing light) may be used
to watch the vocal cords as they move.
What treatments are available for nodules and polyps?
Nodules and polyps may be treated medically, surgically,
and/or behaviorally. Surgical intervention involves removing the
nodule or polyp from the vocal cord. This approach only occurs
when the nodules or polyps are very large or have existed for a
long time. Surgery is rare for children. Medical problems may be
treated to reduce their impact on the vocal cords. This includes
treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), allergies,
and thyroid problems. Medical intervention to stop smoking or to
control stress is sometimes needed.
Many people receive behavioral intervention, or voice therapy,
from an SLP. Voice therapy involves teaching good vocal hygiene,
reducing/stopping vocal abusive behaviors, and direct voice
treatment to alter pitch, loudness, or breath support for good
voicing. Stress reduction techniques and relaxation exercises are
often taught as well.
What other organizations have information about vocal cord
nodules and polyps?
This list is not exhaustive and inclusion does not imply
endorsement of the organization or the content of the Web site
by ASHA.
View
video examples
of vocal cord nodules and polyps.
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See Also:
Vocal Cord Nodules and Polyps: Causes and
Number
Vocal Cord Nodules and Polyps: Benefits of
Speech-Language Pathology Services