- A family history of autism, mental retardation, fragile X syndrome, or learning problems
- Physical signs
- long or protruding ears
- long or wide forehead
- high, arched palate
- Cognition
- males: moderate mental retardation, range from profound retardation to average intelligence
- females: normal intelligence, with learning disabilities to mild-to-moderate mental retardation
- males and females: visual spatial, attention, executive function, and math difficulties
- Speech
- perseverative and repetitive speech
- reduced speech intelligibility (particularly in males)
- rapid and uneven rate
- phonological delays
- Oral motor
- low muscle tone
- motor planning and sequencing difficulties
- tactile defensiveness
- Language
- difficulty maintaining a topic
- interested in social interactions
- word retrieval difficulties
- delays in vocabulary and syntax
- Adaptive behavior
- social anxiety and gaze aversion
- hyperarousal and hypersensitivity to stimuli
- stereotypic behavior such as hand flapping
- short attention span and hyperactivity
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