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References

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Allen, J. B. (1986). Measurement of eardrum acoustic impedence. In J. B. Allen, J. L. Hall, A. Hubbard, T. Neely, & A. Tubis (Eds.), Peripheral Auditory Mechanisms (pp. 44–51). New York: Springer-Verlag.

Feeney, M. P., Grant, I. L., & Marryott, L. P. (2003). Wideband energy reflectance measurements in adults with middle-ear disorders. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46, 901–911.

Feeney, M. P., Keefe, D. H., & Marryott, L. P. (2003). Contralateral acoustic reflex thresholds for tonal activators using wideband energy reflectance and admittance. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46, 128–136.

Goode, R. L , Ball, G., Nishihara, S., & Nakamura K. (1996). Laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV): A new clinical tool for the otologist. American Journal of Otolaryngology, 17, 813–822.

Holte, L., Margolis, R. H., & Cavanaugh, R. M. (1991) Developmental changes in multifrequency tympanograms. Audiology, 30,1–24.

Huber, A. M., Schwab C., Linder T., Stoeckli, S. J., Ferrazzinin, M., Dillier, N., &

Fisch, U. (2001). Evaluation of eardrum laser doppler interferometry as a diagnostic tool. Laryngoscope 111, 501–507.

Hunter, L. L., & Margolis, R. H. (1992). Multifrequency tympanometry: Current clinical applications. American Journal of Audiology, 1, 33–43.

Keefe, D. H., Ling, R., & Bulen, J. C. (1992). Method to measure acoustic impedance and reflection coefficient. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 91, 470–485.

Keefe, D. H., Folsom, R. C., Gorga, M. P., Vohr, B. R., Bulen, J. C., & Norton, S. J. (2000). Identification of neonatal hearing impairment: Ear-canal measurements of acoustic admittance and reflectance in neonates. Ear and Hearing, 21, 443–461.

Lilly, D. J. (1973). Measurement of acoustic impedance at the tympanic membrane. In J. Jerger (Ed.), Modern developments in audiology. 2nd Ed., New York: Academic Press, 345–405.

Lilly, D. J. (1984). Multiple frequency, multiple component tympanometry: New approaches to an old diagnostic problem. Ear and Hearing, 5, 300–308.

Rosowski, J. J., Mehta, R. P. & Merchant, S. N. (2003). Diagnostic utility of laser-Doppler vibrometry in conductive hearing loss with normal tympanic membrane. Otology and Neurotology, 24, 165–175.

Schuster, K. (1934). Eine Methode zum Vergleich akustischer Impedanzen. Phys. Z. 35, 408–409.

Vanhuyse, V. J., Creten, W. L., & van Camp, K. J. (1975). On the W-notching of tympanograms. Scandinavian Audiology, 4, 45–50.

Voss, S. E., & Allen, J. B. (1994). Measurement of acoustic impedance and reflectance in the human ear canal. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 372–384.

Colletti, V. (1976). Tympanometry from 200 to 2000 Hz probe tone. Audiology, 15, 106–119.

Whittemore, K. R., Merchant, S. N., Poon, B. B., & Rosowski, J. J. (2004). A normative study of tympanic membrane motion in humans using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). Hearing Research 187, 85–104.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This work was supported, in part, by a grant to Dr. Lilly from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development (VA RR & D, Grant #B2568R).



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