Refer to the following references in the area of IOM:
Early Investigations
- changes in the middle latency response during open-heart surgery (Kileny)
- effects of lidocaine infusion or various anesthesia agents on auditory evoked potentials (Ruth)
Experiences in Surgical Settings
- Dennis and Earley; Schwartz et al.; Beck and Benecke
Textbooks or Chapters of Instruction and Advice
- Hall; Schwartz and Rosenberg; Kileny and Niparko; Beck, 1994; Edwards and Kileny.
(Most of these forward-thinkers and leaders of the profession continue to practice in this important area.)
Economic Calculation for Justifying the Need for IOM
C < P x L (where C = Cost of monitoring, P = Probability of injury, L = Loss in dollars). In otologic revision surgery, "P" is estimated to be 4%-10% (Wilson et al, 2003). If "L" is set at $100,000, IOM is cost effective if its charge is $4,000-$10,000. Estimates of "L" in this example may not reflect actual costs associated with iatrogenic injury during otologic surgery; these vary widely by individual case and by geographic region.
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