American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

Tip Sheet

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The Ability to Communicate is Our Most Human Characteristic

H earing is essential to learning, working and social interaction. A communication disorder can happen to anyone at any time, limiting the potential for academic, social and career achievement. It is estimated that 42 million Americans have a speech, language or hearing disorder.

Hearing Disorders

Individuals with a hearing disorder do not hear sound clearly. The problem may range from hearing sounds faintly to profound deafness. Some causes of hearing loss are chronic ear infections or exposure to very loud noise, which can damage the structure of the inner ear as well as the auditory nerve. Other causes include aging and health problems during birth.

Speech Disorders

A speech disorder is an impairment of articulation of speech sounds, fluency or voice. Some causes may be related to hearing loss, stroke or severe head injury, or mental retardation. Speech disfluencies such as stuttering may be influenced by genetics, incoordination of speech muscles, environmental factors, or rate of language development.

Language Disorders

A language disorder is the impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken and written language necessary for expressing and understanding thoughts and ideas. Disorders of language affect children and adults differently.

For children who do not use language normally from birth, or who acquire the impairment in childhood, the disorder occurs in the context of a language system that is not fully developed or acquired. Adults acquire disorders of language because of stroke, head injury, dementia, or brain tumors.

Call an ASHA-certified audiologist or speech-language pathologist in your area to discuss speech-language or hearing problems, tips on early detection and intervention, and information on new treatments and technologies available to treat these disorders.

M ay is Better Hearing and Speech Month (BHSM). Audiologists and speech-language pathologists across the country designate this special month to inform and educate consumers about communication disorders and their roles in treating these disorders.

For more information on communication disorders or for referrals to certified professionals, consumers can call ASHA HELPLINE at 1-800-638-TALK (8255)

  • Audiologists are hearing health care professionals who specialize in preventing, identifying and assessing hearing disorders as well as providing audiologic treatment including hearing aids and other assistive listening devices.
  • Speech-language pathologists are the professionals who identify, assess, and treat speech and language problems including swallowing disorders.
  • ASHA is the national professional, scientific, and credentialing association for more than 120,000 audiologists, speech-language pathologists and speech

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